Fig. 1: Zorya has broad activity against phages through a direct immunity mechanism.
From: Structure and mechanism of the Zorya anti-phage defence system
a, Schematic of the EcZorI operon. b, EcZorI defence against diverse E. coli phages, determined using efficiency of plaquing (EOP) assays. AAI, the average amino acid identity between proteins encoded by each phage (providing an estimate of the relatedness between phages). c, Adsorption of phage Bas24 onto E. coli cells possessing or lacking EcZorI. d, One-step phage growth curve for phage Bas24 infection of E. coli, with or without EcZorI, normalized to the plaque-forming units (PFU) per ml at the initial timepoint. e, Infection time courses for liquid cultures of E. coli, with and without EcZorI, infected at different MOIs of phage Bas24. ϕ, phage. f, Phage titres at the end timepoint for each sample from the infection time courses in e, measured as PFU per ml on indicator lawns of E. coli either without (control) or with EcZorI. The limit of detection (LOD) is shown by dotted lines. g, The survival of E. coli cells, lacking or possessing EcZorI, that were infected at an MOI of 5 with Bas24. h, Time-lapse, phase-contrast microscopy of E. coli cells with and without EcZorI infected with Bas24 at an MOI of 5. i, Quantification of the time-lapse microscopy in h, displaying the measured cell area relative to the initial timepoint. For b–g, data are the mean of at least three biological replicates (datapoints indicate replicates) and error bars (c and d) or shaded regions (e) represent the standard s.e.m. For i, data are mean ± s.d., derived from independent biological triplicates.
