Extended Data Fig. 4: Surrogate model simulation for multimodal deformations of the chiral modular columns with different constituent cells.

a, Torque versus cumulative twist angle from the twisting simulation of the columns. b, Deformation snapshots of the twisted columns. The two boxes indicate the configurations with corresponding experimental results (Extended Data Fig. 5). c, Force versus displacement from the compression simulation of the columns. d, Deformation snapshots of the compressed columns.