Extended Data Fig. 6: Monthly average model-simulated surface MLD anomalies during May, June, July and August 2023.
From: Drivers of the extreme North Atlantic marine heatwave during 2023
The model data are taken from the run forced by ERA5 atmospheric variables. a–d, MLD anomalies (shaded) normalized by one standard deviation (SD) for each month and location, and shown as the number of standard deviations from the 1981–2010 mean. The MLD is calculated using a density threshold criterion of 0.125 kg m−3, relative to surface density. e, Time series of North Atlantic area-averaged model MLD anomalies (equator to 60° N), with years indicated by colour shaded lines, from dark blues (earliest years) to pale blues (most recent years) and 2023 indicated in bold red. For comparison, the 2023 MLD anomalies in the JRA55-forced model run are also included in panel e.
