Extended Data Fig. 6: Increasing the activity of PV⁺ interneurons leads to an increase in inhibitory synaptic density.

a, Schematic outline of the experimental strategy. Adapted from ref. ⁶⁸ (reprinted with permission from AAAS) and ref. ⁶⁹. b, Quantification of change in synaptic density between infected and uninfected PV⁺ interneurons in vehicle- and CNO-treated mice (vehicle, n = 6 mice; CNO, n = 6 mice; two-tailed Student’s t-test, p = 0.01). c, Confocal images illustrating presynaptic Syt2⁺ puncta and postsynaptic Gephyrin⁺ clusters in neighbouring uninfected and hM3Dq-mCherry expressing PV⁺ interneurons in vehicle-treated mice. Inserts show PV and mCherry immunoreactivity of the cell’s soma. d, Quantification of the density of colocalising Syt2⁺/Gephyrin⁺ puncta on neighbouring uninfected and hM3Dq expressing PV⁺ interneurons in vehicle-treated mice (n = 6; two-tailed paired Student’s t-test, p = 0.79). e, Confocal images illustrating presynaptic Syt2⁺ puncta and postsynaptic Gephyrin⁺ clusters in neighbouring uninfected and hM3Dq-mCherry expressing PV⁺ interneurons in CNO-treated mice. Inserts show PV and mCherry immunoreactivity of the cell’s soma. f, Quantification of the density of colocalising Syt2⁺/Gephyrin⁺ puncta on neighbouring uninfected and hM3Dq expressing PV⁺ interneurons in CNO-treated mice (n = 6; two-tailed paired Student’s t-test, p = 0.006). g, Quantification of the density of Syt2⁺/Gephyrin⁺ puncta on neighbouring uninfected PV⁺ interneurons in vehicle-treated and CNO-treated mice (vehicle: n = 6; CNO: n = 6; two-tailed Student’s t-test, p = 0.87). h, Validation of HA-vTRAP-hM3Dq-myc AAV showing PV and mCherry expression in coronal sections through S1. i, Quantification of the percentage of mCherry⁺ PV⁺ interneurons in layer 2/3 (n = 7 mice). j, Fos and mCherry expression in coronal sections through S1 from vehicle- and CNO-treated mice. k, Quantification of the intensity of Fos staining in HA-vTRAP-hM3Dq-myc infected PV⁺ interneurons in vehicle- and CNO-treated mice (vehicle, n = 4 mice; CNO, n = 4 mice; two-tailed Student’s t-test, p = 0.004). Scale bar, 1 µm (c and e) and 50 µm (h and j). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m.

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