Extended Data Fig. 2: Superb starlings help both kin and nonkin regardless of sex or dispersal history.
From: A cryptic role for reciprocal helping in a cooperatively breeding bird
a-e, The distribution of marker-based relatedness estimates in 5889 pairs of breeders and helpers (a), 1572 pairs of a breeder and resident male helper (b), 819 pairs of a breeder and immigrant male helper (c), 1022 pairs of a breeder and resident female helper (d), and 1435 pairs of a breeder and immigrant female helper (e). Relatedness estimated from 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers, and maximum breeder-helper relatedness is the higher of the two relatedness estimates for either of the two breeding parents to a given helper. The vertical dashed line indicates the mean of the maximum breeder-helper relatedness values.
