Extended Data Fig. 1: Behavior paradigm pairs optogenetic activation of corticostriatal neurons in the visual cortex with presentation of a food pellet obtained by a forelimb reach. | Nature

Extended Data Fig. 1: Behavior paradigm pairs optogenetic activation of corticostriatal neurons in the visual cortex with presentation of a food pellet obtained by a forelimb reach.

From: Striatum supports fast learning but not memory recall

Extended Data Fig. 1

a, Automated rig to train mice. Mice are head-fixed at a short distance from the food pellet. Food pellets are presented and loaded automatically using stepper motors controlled by an Arduino. Arduino also controls the timing of the LEDs and lasers for optogenetic stimulation, triggers the LED distractor, and triggers high-speed video acquisition. Two cameras: one labeled infra-red (IR) camera for low-speed, continuous video acquisition, and one for high-speed 255 frames per second (fps) video acquisition triggered at the beginning of each trial. Speaker masks the sound of the stepper motors. CPU fan obscures the smell of the approaching food pellet. Other food pellets mask the smell of the approaching food pellet. Mirrors are positioned below and to the side of the mouse, enabling high-speed 3D tracking of the paw position using DeepLabCut. Entire rig is enclosed in large light-tight box to prevent the mouse from seeing food pellets. Inside of the box is pitch-black. b, Trial structure: Pellet moves into position in front of the mouse over 1.28 s. Following a 0.22-s delay, cue turns on. 8 s later, pellet moves out of reach. Future food pellets are loaded onto the back of the pellet presenter disk. Random inter-trial interval (ITI) ranges from 0 to 16.5 s (Methods, “Training mice to associate a cue with the food pellet”). c, Analysis of low-speed video to monitor behavior events. Zones are drawn onto the video by user. Behavior events identified by signal processing of intensity signals within these zones (Methods, ‘Processing the 30-fps video’). d-f, Example signals from zones in c. Intensity in arbitrary units. d, Intensity increases when forelimb enters reach zone. e, Intensity increases when pellet enters pellet zone. f, Chewing produces periodic signal at ~7 Hz in chewing zone. g, Accuracy of automated classification of reach outcomes. “Correct” as compared to human classifier.

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