Extended Data Fig. 9: Dynamic evolution of agglomeration–migration for Pt–Sn2 monomers and (Pt–Sn2)2 dimers within the MFI framework.
From: Pt migration–lockup in zeolite for stable propane dehydrogenation catalyst

Dynamic evolution of intracrystalline content of Pt–Sn2 monomers with mobility and agglomeration properties within S-1 with Lb of 0.1 (a), 0.15 (b), 0.5 (c), 1.0 (d), 2.0 (e), 3.5 (f) and 4.0 μm (g) obtained from agglomeration–migration modelling. Dynamic evolution of formed intracrystalline content of formed (Pt–Sn2)2 dimers within S-1 with Lb of 0.1 (h), 0.15 (i), 0.5 (j), 1.0 (k), 2.0 (l), 3.5 (m) and 4.0 μm (n) obtained from agglomeration–migration modelling. Notes: as time τ increases, the intracrystalline content of Pt–Sn2 monomers (or (Pt–Sn2)2 dimers) decreases (or increases) owning to the mobility and agglomeration of Pt–Sn2 monomers. For S-1 with short Lb, the short intracrystalline residence time of Pt–Sn2 monomers facilitates the agglomeration of Pt–Sn2 monomers at the external surface of S-1. For S-1 with a long Lb, the intracrystalline residence time of Pt–Sn2 monomers substantially increases, which promotes the agglomeration of Pt–Sn2 monomers in the channels of S-1. The intracrystalline content of (Pt–Sn2)2 dimers in S-1 with short Lb are much lower than those in S-1 with long Lb.