Extended Data Fig. 2: Vibrational EELS measurements of NiO.

a, EELS spectrum corresponding to a single acquisition frame (75 ms) in vacuum, showing a ZLP measuring 7.2 meV at the FWHM. b, As-acquired ω–q maps along the 220 row of NiO reflections, showing the dispersion of the NiO LA/LO phonon branches, as well as the LA gain branch, presented on a logarithmic intensity scale. The dataset corresponds to 15,000 integrated frames (75 ms each).