Extended Data Fig. 4: Characterization and energy transfer of the core–shell LnNPs system.
From: Triplets electrically turn on insulating lanthanide-doped nanoparticles
a,b, TEM images of Yb core LnNPs with an average size of about 6 nm (a) and Yb@Nd core–shell LnNPs with an average size of about 10 nm (b). c, Simplified energy transfer diagram from 9-ACA to Nd3+ to Yb3+ through surface excitation and from Nd3+ to Yb3+ through direct excitation of Nd3+. d, Normalized PL spectra of Yb@Nd@9-ACA nanohybrids under different excitation wavelengths at 350, 375 and 794 nm. e, Operational stability of the Yb@NdLED at constant current density.
