Fig. 1: ADHD risk across rare-variant categories and mean load.
From: Rare genetic variants confer a high risk of ADHD and implicate neuronal biology
a,Odds ratio (OR) of rPTVs, rSevereDMVs, rModerateDMVs and rare synonymous variants (rSYNs) in all genes (marked in yellow) and in constrained genes (pLI ≥ 0.9; marked in red) in individuals with ADHD (n = 8,895) and in control individuals (n = 9,001). Dots represent OR point estimates, and error bars indicate the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Owing to the similar effect sizes of rPTVs and rSevereDMVs in constrained genes (pLI ≥ 0.9) these variants were grouped into class I variants, and rModerateDMVs were categorized as class II variants. Note: the count of rSYNs in each individual is used as a covariate in the analyses, and thus it is not possible to test for differences in rSYN load across all autosomal genes. b, Number of class I variants (rPTVs + rSevereDMVs) in constrained genes (pLI ≥ 0.9) per person on average. ADHD, individuals diagnosed with ADHD regardless of any comorbidities; ADHDwoID, individuals diagnosed with ADHD but not ID; ADHDwID, individuals diagnosed with both ADHD and ID. ORs and two-sided P values were calculated using logistic regression in a,b.
