Extended Data Fig. 5: Effect of rare variants on comorbidity in ADHD across brain-disorder gene sets.
From: Rare genetic variants confer a high risk of ADHD and implicate neuronal biology
Burden (odds ratio; OR) of rare class I, class II and rare synonymous variants in individuals with ADHD and comorbidities compared to individuals without the comorbid condition being analysed. a, ADHD with intellectual disability (ID) compared to ADHD with no ID. b, ADHD comorbid with ASD compared to ADHD without ASD. c, ADHD comorbid with schizophrenia (SZ) compared to ADHD without SZ. d, ADHD with multimorbidities compared to ADHD without multimorbidities. e, ADHD with no ID compared to controls. f, ADHD without multimorbidities compared to controls without multimorbidities. g, ADHD comorbid with disruptive behaviour disorders (DBS) compared to ADHD without DBS. h, ADHD comorbid with substance use disorders (SUD) compared to ADHD without SUD. The loads in gene sets related to autism, schizophrenia and developmental disorders have been evaluated. Results are from logistic regression (Sample sizes can be found in Supplementary Table 18, detailed results in Supplementary Table 21). *Indicates nominal significant association P < 0.05, **Indicates significant association after Bonferroni correction correcting for seven gene sets. P values less than P = 7.14 × 10−3 are considered significant.
