Fig. 2: Association of rare coding variants with ADHD.
From: Rare genetic variants confer a high risk of ADHD and implicate neuronal biology
a, Manhattan plot with −log10(P) on the y axis for gene-based associations from a two-sided Fisher’s exact test of counts of rare class I and II variants in 8,895 individuals with ADHD and 53,780 controls. The chromosome position of genes is shown on the x axis. Genes that met the threshold for exome-wide significance (two-sided P < 3.07 × 10−6, implying significance correcting for 16,297 tests) are highlighted in dark red; genes with two-sided P < 0.001 are in orange. The red dashed line denotes exome-wide significance; the blue dashed line represents two-sided P ≤ 0.001. b, Genetic architecture plot. Dots represents ORs from this study and the most recent GWAS13 and CNV study25 of ADHD. The minor allele frequency in the control cohorts is shown on the x axis. Dot colour represents variant type (rare, common or CNV) and dot size reflects the strengths of the associations. The 20 genes from this study with a gene-based two-sided burden P < 0.001 are shown in red; the exome-wide-significant genes are solid red and the remainder are translucent red. Two genes (WNT1 and EIF3G) have an infinite OR, as rare deleterious variants were only observed in individuals with ADHD and none in control individuals.
