Fig. 5: Adenosine signalling is essential for the antidepressant effects of ECT.
From: Adenosine signalling drives antidepressant actions of ketamine and ECT
a, Adenosine dynamics following ECT. Left, experimental setup for ECT in mice, showing ear-clamp electrodes for stimulation with concurrent GRABAdo1.0 monitoring. Right, extracellular adenosine time course in the mPFC after a single ECT cycle, ketamine injection (10 mg kg−1, i.p. injection; replotted from Fig. 1e for comparison purpose) or sham ECT. Arrow indicates ECT or drug administration. b, Quantification of adenosine peak levels, AUC (normalized to sham ECT) and time to peak. c–e, Experimental paradigm for assessing ECT antidepressant efficacy (c), FST immobility time (d) and sucrose preference (e) of WT, Adora1–/– and Adora2a–/– mice subjected to CRS. Data are the mean ± s.e.m. (shading in a; error bars in b, d and e). Statistics: two-tailed unpaired t-tests (b,d,e). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. See Supplementary Table 1 for detailed statistics. The schematics in a and c were created using BioRender (https://www.biorender.com).
