Extended Data Fig. 4: Adenosine receptor activation produces antidepressant-like effects.
From: Adenosine signalling drives antidepressant actions of ketamine and ECT
a, Experimental timelines for assessing the antidepressant-like effects of direct adenosine administration or systemic delivery of specific adenosine receptor agonists in mice subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRS). b, c, Rapid antidepressant-like effects. b, Immobility time in the FST 30 min after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of adenosine (1 µg per mouse). c, Immobility time in the FST 30 min after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of an A1 receptor agonist (CHA; 0.1 mg·kg−1) or an A2A receptor agonist (CGS21680; 0.1 mg·kg−1). d, e, Sustained antidepressant-like effects. Immobility time in the FST (d) and sucrose preference (e) were measured 24 h after i.p. administration of CHA or CGS21680 in CRS mice. f, Concentrations of CHA and CGS21680 in serum (top) and brain tissue (bottom) at 30 min and 24 h after i.p. injection, measured by LC-MS. Data are mean ± s.e.m. (error bars in b–f). Two-tailed unpaired t-tests were used for b–e (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). See Supplementary Table 1 for detailed statistics. The schematic in a was created using BioRender (https://www.biorender.com).
