Fig. 2: Simulated effects of satellite trails in Hubble, SPHEREx, Xuntian and ARRAKIHS.
From: Satellite megaconstellations will threaten space-based astronomy
a–d, Simulated exposure for Hubble (a), SPHEREx (b), Xuntian (c) and ARRAKIHS (d) space observatories, showing sectors affected by satellite trail contamination. The satellite trails represent the effects of the planned satellites using the orbital and physical parameters of the announced constellations to be operational by 2040 (Fig. 3). Background galaxies were modelled on the basis of previous studies34,35. Full images can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15707680 (ref. 36) and also see Extended Data Figs. 8–11.
