Extended Data Fig. 2: External trait genetic correlations: Comparison across psychiatric factors.

Bar graphs depict genetic correlations with the 31 complex traits for the five psychiatric factors from the correlated factors model and the second-order, p-factor from the hierarchical model. Panels are separated by the different groupings of traits (e.g., cognitive; socioeconomic). Bars depicted with a dashed outline were significant at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold for the Q_Trait heterogeneity metric that flags traits whose patterns of genetic correlations from LDSC do not conform to those implied by the factor model. Error bars are +/− 1.96 SE that are centred around the point estimate of the genetic correlations. Bar depicted with a * reflect values that were significant at a Bonferroni corrected threshold for multiple comparisons, that were also not significant at this same Bonferroni corrected threshold for Q_Trait. This is with exception of the p-factor, which is depicted with a ‘*’ even if it is significant for the Q_Trait, as long as that same trait was significantly correlated with the majority (at least three) of the five other factors. The two-sided P-values used to evaluate significance were derived from the Z-statistics, calculated as the point estimate of the genetic correlation divided by its standard error. Correlations are ordered according to the point estimate for the p-factor. The implied sample size for the psychiatric factors was: Compulsive (\(\hat{n}\) = 54,100); Schizophrenia/Bipolar (\(\hat{n}\) = 127,202); Neurodevelopmental (\(\hat{n}\)  = 84,760); Internalizing (\(\hat{n}\) = 1,637,337); Substance Use (\(\hat{n}\) = 313,395); p-factor (\(\hat{n}\) = 2,168,621). See Suppl. Table 12 for sample sizes for the external traits and Suppl. Table 13 for exact P-values.