Fig. 3: The impact of combination immunotherapy on the HIV reservoir and HIV-specific T cell responses.
From: Correlates of HIV-1 control after combination immunotherapy
a, Longitudinal peripheral blood sampling timepoints (applies to Figs. 3–5). pVL, plasma viral load. b,c, CD4+ T cell-associated potentially intact HIV DNA, as measured by IPDA (b) and HIV RNA (transactivating response (TAR) region, indicating total initiated HIV transcripts) (c). d, The magnitude of IFNγ+ CE-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as measured by ICS; the numbers below the x axis indicate the proportion of participants with detectable CE-specific responses at each timepoint. e, The magnitude of total (Gag + Pol + Nef + Env) HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses by ICS. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed-effect analysis with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. Timepoints (applies to all Figs): BL, baseline before interventions (that is, on ART); post-prime, the day of MVA vaccination (>8 weeks after last DNA vaccination); post-boost, 2 weeks after MVA vaccination; pre-LEF, immediately before lefitolimod dosing; pre-ATI, immediately before ATI; pre-R, the last PBMC sampling timepoint available before rebound (sampled within 1–4 weeks before HIV rebound); post-R1, the first PBMC sampling timepoint after rebound (for participants with a sample available ≤28 days after rebound, at a low viral load; all <3,000 copies per ml). NS, not significant.
