Fig. 4: Selective optogenetic stimulation of HVCX neurons restarts the song motif.
From: Holistic motor control of zebra finch song syllable sequences
a, Schematic and spectrograms (0–11 kHz; horizontal lines identify song elements) of song-contingent HVCX ChRmine-expressing neuron stimulation (10 ms, red bars; orange dots highlight motif restarts). b, As in Fig. 1c,d for HVCX stimulation. c, Box plots (5th–95th percentile and 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles) reporting optogenetic stimulation outcome (average probability, n = 4 birds; filled circles, empty box plots from Fig. 1e reported for comparison). d, Cumulative probability curves reporting the latency to song truncation in response to the light stimulation (average ± s.e.m. of the curve of each bird; n = 4 HVCX-stimulated birds (blue). The dataset from HVC-stimulated birds (black) in Fig. 1 was compared with all experimental groups across the paper; 10-ms time bins. Inset, violin plots reporting the latency of motif truncation computed across all the birds (HVCX-stimulated birds (blue) and the dataset from HVC-stimulated birds (white) in Fig. 1 was compared with all experimental groups across the paper). e, Probability (average ± s.e.m.) of post-truncation vocalization resumption by category upon stimulation delivered throughout the motif (bins, 10% motif advancement; n = 4). f, Normalized probability of post-truncation motif restart (n = 4 HVCX-stimulated birds, filled circles; empty box plots from Fig. 1i reported for comparison). g, Same as d, but for latency to motif restart (HVCX-stimulated birds, orange; HVC-stimulated birds, black). Scale bar, 200 ms (a). Brain outline in a adapted with permission from ref. 60, Wiley.
