Fig. 3: Experimental calibration of DISH.
From: Sub-second volumetric 3D printing by synthesis of holographic light fields
a, Illustration of the influence of the refraction at the interface of air and material by showing the amplitude and angular spectra before and after refraction. b, Schematic illustrating the adaptive-optics-based calibration process by updating the optimized patterns on the DMD for each angle based on fluorescence images captured by two orthogonal cameras. c, The beam projected from φ = 0°, captured by the front camera, which helps determine the position of the conjugate plane. The image has been compressed in the vertical direction approximately ten times. d, Experimental fluorescence images of two cubes generated by DISH before and after calibration. e, Experimental fluorescence images of beams focused at several axial positions across the printing area with an axial interval of 2.4 mm. f, Experimental fluorescence images of three dots with a designed feature size of 10.8 μm and a gap of 10.8 μm, located at the printing centre (upper row) and 4.8 mm away from the printing centre (bottom row). The ground-truth target is shown in the first column. Results obtained by two different optimization methods (our holographic optimization algorithm and backprojection) are shown with the corresponding optimized patterns for several angles on the left. Scale bars, 100 μm (c); 1 mm (d,e); 50 μm (f).
