Fig. 4: Experimental characterization of the printing resolution of DISH.
From: Sub-second volumetric 3D printing by synthesis of holographic light fields
a, Relief-structure products printed by DISH, demonstrating the smallest feature size over a 1-cm range. The linewidths were measured as 54.0 ± 2.9, 11.0 ± 1.2, 15.5 ± 1.9, 20.9 ± 2.3 and 33.1 ± 2.1 μm, respectively. b, Close-up view of the relief structure printed using patterns optimized by our holographic optimization algorithm. c, Close-up view of a relief structure printed using patterns optimized by the conventional ray-optic backprojection algorithm. d, Relief-structure sample with dense stripes printed by DISH. e,f, Close-up images of the edge (e) and middle (f) regions of the sample in d. g, Average linewidths measured at different axial positions of the sample in a, demonstrating a uniform resolution of 11 μm over a 1-cm depth range. We used n = 6 measurements for each position, with error bars representing the standard deviation. h,i, Fishbone structure and its close-up view printed by DISH, in which its positive features were measured to be 11.9 ± 2.1 μm. j, Five-pointed star model with designed angles of 36° and measured angles of 36.0 ± 1.6°. k, Triangular pyramid with sharp edges. l–o, Conch model (l) and the printout result by DISH (m). The lines aligned in different directions and z-axis positions were measured to be 19.3 ± 3.4 μm (n,o). As the lines are distributed along the z-axis positions, those located outside the microscope focal plane appear as defocused patterns. We used mean ± standard deviation here for the width measurement. Scale bars, 500 μm (a–c); 200 μm (d–f); 1 mm (h,j–m); 100 μm (i,n,o).
