Extended Data Fig. 5: Flowchart of this study methodology.
From: Satellite imagery reveals increasing volatility in human night-time activity

The input data consists of the NASA Black Marble Collection 1 product. The selection of high-quality observations involved filtering out clouds and snow (dilated by five pixels) and excluding water pixels. Break points are detected if a change is observed in any stratified viewing zenith angle range (e.g., 20°–40°); identified break points are then applied to the time series models across all ranges. The change metrics are derived from the all angle (0–60°) observations to ensure consistency. ROI: Region Of Interest, defined as the global analyzed nighttime light areas from 70°N to 60°S. VZA-COLD: Viewing Zenith Angle stratified COntinuous monitoring of Land Disturbance.