Fig. 3: Estimated damages from emissions related to individual behaviors or firm output over varying time periods.
From: Quantifying climate loss and damage consistent with a social cost of carbon
Estimates show cumulative past (through 2020) and/or expected future damages (through 2100) from estimated emissions resulting from different choices by individuals or firms. Cumulative damages are discounted at 2%. a, Estimated past or future cumulative global damages from emissions associated with individual behaviours, under the assumption that each was conducted by one individual for the 2010–2020 decade (for instance, one more long-haul flight per year for a decade); future damages exceed past damages by two orders of magnitude (note the logarithmic scale). b, Cumulative damages (in thousands US$) through 2100 from emissions flights taken in 2022 by celebrities’ private jets. Damage as a percentage of net worth of each individual shown in parentheses. c, Cumulative damages (in trillions US$) through 2020, and from 2021 through 2100, from the emissions associated with the production and use (scope 1 + 3) of products produced by different large oil and gas companies (carbon majors) between 1988–2015. Numerical values and confidence intervals are provided in Supplementary Fig. 2.
