Extended Data Fig. 7: Current-voltage response and thermography map of the Memsol device with memristor placed adjacent to the solar cell active area.
From: Integrated memristor for mitigating reverse-bias in perovskite solar cells

(a) To evaluate potential power loss arising from non-zero off-current in the memristor, simultaneous I–V measurements under illumination were performed using two independent ammeters to separately record memristor and solar cell currents. The off-state memristor current remained seven orders of magnitude below the solar cell photocurrent, corresponding to a parallel resistance of 1.5 × 109 Ω. This resistance exceeds the solar cell’s shunt resistance (~5 × 107 Ω, estimated from the dark curve in Fig. 2b) by approximately 30-fold, indicating that memristor leakage contributes negligibly to overall power loss. (b) Thermography map of the Memsol recorded under reverse bias, revealing the localized heating at the memristive component positioned adjacent to the solar cell’s active region.