Extended Data Fig. 5: Resistance and return rates of various taxa for abundance (A/D), species diversity (B/E) and species composition (C/F).

Species diversity here refers to Shannon diversity (i.e. Hill-number of order 1), while species composition similarity here refers to Bray-Curtis similarity. Ordering of taxa in the legend is according to their generation time from high (bacteria) to low (trees). Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals estimated with a jackknife procedure based on n-1 iterations with n being the number of sampled plots per taxon and legacy. See Extended Data Fig. 1 for sample sizes. Silhouettes of saproxylic beetle, bee, moth, dung beetle, nocturnal insect, ant, bird and ground bird were created by G. Brehm under a CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. The following silhouettes were reproduced from PhyloPic (https://www.phylopic.org/): frog and ground mammal, created by M. Michaud under a CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain licence; bat, created by Y. Wong under a CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain licence; frugivorous bird, created by E. Price under a CC BY 4.0 licence; seedling, created by M. Hofstetter under a CC BY 3.0 Universal Public Domain licence; tree, created by T. M. Keesey under a CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain licence; leaf-litter arthropod, created by B. Lang under a CC BY 3.0 Universal Public Domain licence; bacteria 10-cm depth and bacteria 50-cm depth, created by L. Simons under a CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain licence.