Table 1 Digital epidemiology and tracking apps for COVID-19
App | Country(ies) | Developer(s) | No. of users | Outcomes published | Data sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active participatory surveillance | |||||
COVID Symptom Survey | United States and United Kingdom | ZOE | >4 million | Yes | Crowdsourcing |
Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen and the Eastern Switzerland Children’s Hospital | Switzerland | Hospital | 1,004 | Yes | Crowdsourcing |
Aarogya Setu | India | Government of India | >20 million downloads | No | Crowdsourcing |
Passive population-level tracking | |||||
FLUency/Healthweather | United States | Kinsa | >2.5 million | No | Kinsa smart thermometer and JHU COVID-19 Data Repository |
Outbreaks Near Me | United States and Canada | Boston Children’s Hospital, HealthMap, Flu Lab and Ending Pandemics | >6.4 million | No | Crowdsourcing |
Individual risk assessment | |||||
SAFER COVID | United States | CareEvolution | N/A | No | Crowdsourcing |
Health Code | China | Alipay and We Chat | 900 million | No | Mining personal data related to location, payment platforms and contacts |
Web-based dashboards | |||||
JHU Covid Map | Global | JHU | N/A | Yes, detected incident cases of COVID-19 before most countries | Web searches, social media mining and adjudication with local departments of public health |
Outbreak.info | Global | Open source academic collaboration | N/A | No | Epidemiologic data, genomic data and published research |
Global.health | Global | Open source academic collaboration | 62 million | No | Epidemiological case data |
Pathogen maps | |||||
Next Strain | Global | Open source | N/A | Feasibility, yes; outcomes, no | Multiple research groups |
Spillover | Global | UC Davis, Global Virome Project | N/A | No | Global Virome Project |
