Fig. 1: BugSigDB, a curated database of experimentally derived microbial signatures.

a–c, BugSigDB is a community-editable collection of published microbiome studies reporting differentially abundant host-associated microbiota (including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses) that currently includes >2,500 microbial signatures extracted from >600 scientific articles over the course of more than 4 years (a). These papers report microbiome studies of participants representing different countries and ethnogeographies (b) and microbiome samples from different human body sites (c). d, Number of signatures associated with a specific microbe, with the top 10 most frequently reported microbes annotated. BugSigDB signatures contain taxonomic levels from phylum to strain standardized based on the NCBI Taxonomy²⁹. e, Signature sizes, with more than 50% of the signatures containing five or more microbes. f, Percentage of signatures annotated to major disease categories when classifying the study condition associated with each signature according to the Experimental Factor Ontology³². g, Top 10 most frequently reported microbes and the number of associated signatures stratified by disease category.