Extended Data Fig. 9: Ds-cRNAs are encapsulated by ionizable LNPs.

(a) Schematic of a microfluidic mixing preparation of circular RNA-encapsulated ionizable-based LNPs. (b) Physicochemical characterization of ds-cRNA-encapsulated ionizable-based LNPs. The particle size, PDI, Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of EPIC-LNPs were measured in three replicates. Data are shown as mean ± SD. (c) Transmission electron micrographs of EPIC-LNPs. (d) Examination of endogenous circRNA expression upon ds-cRNA treatment by RNA-seq. Blue dots, quantification of total RNAs from spleens of IMQ mice without EPIC-LNPs. Orange triangles, quantification of total RNAs from spleens at 24 hrs post i.v. of 150 pmol EPIC-LNPs at D1.5 IMQ mice; of note, EPICs were counted by FPBcirc in these samples. Blue triangles, quantification of total endogenous RNAs from same samples shown by Orange triangles, but leaving out EPICs during calculation by FPBcirc. EPIC-LNPs treatment restored the reduced endogenous circRNA almost to the D0 level.