Developers are recombining or sharpening established drugs, molecules and mechanisms to create a new generation of neurology therapies.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$32.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to the full article PDF.
USD 39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Change history
21 May 2025
In the version of the article initially published, the source for the graph used in Fig. 1 was missing and is now restored in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
References
Harrison, C. Nat. Biotechnol. 43, 287–289 (2025).
McDermott, L. A. et al. Neuron https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.047 (2019).
Knowland, D. et al. J. Clin. Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI140311 (2020).
Wieskopf, J. S. et al. Sci. Transl. Med. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009986 (2015).
Conaghan, P. et al. In ACR Convergence 2024 https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/levi-04-a-novel-neurotrophin-3-inhibitor-substantially-improves-pain-and-function-without-deleterious-effects-on-joint-structure-in-people-with-knee-osteoarthritis-a-randomized-controlled-phase-ii/ (2024).
Zhang, M. et al. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01464-x (2023).
Khairatkar-Joshi, N. & Szallasi, A. Trends Mol. Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2008.11.004 (2009).
Finol-Urdaneta, R. K. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110932119 (2022).
Cao, B. et al. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01845-w (2024).
Gahr, M., Kratzer, W., Fuchs, M. & Connemann, B. J. et al. Curr. Drug Metab. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389200215666140926155041 (2014).
Bremova-Ertl, T. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2310151 (2024).
Churchill, G. C., Strupp, M., Galione, A. & Platt, F. M. et al. PLoS One https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229585 (2020).
Oertel, W. H. et al. Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51502-7 (2024).
Al-zharani, M., Hasnain, M. S., Al-Eissa, M. S. & Alqahtani, R. A. et al. J. King Saud Univ. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103513 (2024).
Razavi, R., Khajouei, G., Divsalar, F., Dawi, E. & Amiri, M. et al. Rev. Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2024-0086 (2024).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Senior, M. Precision neuroscience. Nat Biotechnol 43, 659–664 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-025-02673-1
Published:
Version of record:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-025-02673-1
This article is cited by
-
Fresh from the biotech pipeline: FDA turmoil overshadows 2025 approvals
Nature Biotechnology (2026)