Extended Data Fig. 9: Statistical analysis of spike timing in response to optical pulses.
From: A nonsurgical brain implant enabled through a cell–electronics hybrid for focal neuromodulation
(a) Distribution of median first-spike-timing from optical pulse offset obtained from the generated control datasets. The vertical red line indicates the observed median first-spike-timing from optical pulse offset in the representative experimental data, which occurs considerably earlier. (b) Bar plot showing the percentile rank (PR) of the actual median spike time within the shuffled distribution for the pooled experimental (Hybrids + NIR light) and control (Cells only (no SWEDs) + NIR light; and NIR Light only) groups. High PR (99.18±0.43) only in the experimental group indicates statistically significant early timing. (c) Distribution of median absolute deviations (MAD) of first-spike-timing from optical pulse offset from the 10,000 control datasets (generated using randomization-based resampling method within the baseline period (−3s to 0s)). The red line shows the observed MAD in the representative experimental data, demonstrating tighter temporal clustering of spikes than expected by chance and (d) Bar plot showing the high percentile rank of the actual MAD within the distribution for the pooled experimental (Hybrids + NIR light) and control (Cells only (no SWEDs) + NIR light; and NIR Light only) groups. High PR (99.94±0.04) only in the experimental group indicates statistically significant shorter response timing. Data are presented as mean ± SEM for (b) and (d).
