Extended Data Fig. 3: Accumulation of favorable alleles contributes to improvement of four selected morphological traits for adaptation to high-density planting.
From: Genome-wide selection and genetic improvement during modern maize breeding
a–d, Favorable allele frequency changing profiles of relative ear height (EP, a), upper leaf angle (LAU, b), tassel branch number (TBN, c) and days to silking (DTS, d) at QTN loci from GWAS loci during the US and Chinese inbred lines breeding process. Red indicates an increase, whereas blue indicates a decrease in the frequency of a favorable allele during breeding. Each row represents a GWAS locus, with cyan and gray colors (in the first column) mark rows representing GWAS loci obtained by the cutoff of p < 1e-6 and 1e-5, respectively. Later breeding stages in United States and China were compared to Public-US and CN1960&70s respectively. e–h, Pie plot for the numbers of GWAS loci with favorable allele frequency increased during the US and Chinese inbred lines breeding process. GWAS loci with favorable allele frequency increased during both CN1960&70s-CN1980&90s and CN1960&70s-CN2000&10s comparisons were included. The trait name and corresponding total GWAS loci number (p < 1e-5) are shown below the pie plot.
