Fig. 6: IVW MR forest plots with CH traits as outcomes.

a–c, ORs for CH risk are represented as per (1) standard deviation unit for continuous exposures (alcohol use in drinks per week, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) (a); LTL, two epigenetic aging traits, and red cell, white cell and platelet counts (b); and five circulating lipid traits (c)) and (2) log-odds unit for binary exposures (smoking initiation (ever having smoked regularly) and genetic liability to T2D (a)). IVW regression was used for all MR analyses, and results were not adjusted for multiple comparisons. Details of units are provided in Supplementary Table 34. Symbols represent OR markers, and OR marker symbols with corresponding P < 0.05 are represented by filled circles. Error bars represent 95% CIs. Sample sizes for the smoking, alcohol, BMI, WHRadjBMI, T2D, apolipoproteins B and A-I, LDL, HDL and triglycerides analyses are provided in Supplementary Table 34. Sample sizes for the LTL, IEAA, Hannum and three blood cell count analyses are provided in Supplementary Table 35. Full results, including from sensitivity analyses, are presented in Supplementary Tables 36–38. WHRadjBMI, waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IEAA, intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration.