Extended Data Fig. 8: Gene conservation and subgenome fractionation patterns.
From: Reference genome assemblies reveal the origin and evolution of allohexaploid oat
a-b, Heat maps showing the absence of one-to-one orthologs, which were identified between the A-genome (A. atlantica and A. longiglumis) and C-genome (A. eriantha) diploid species, in the subgenomes of tetraploid A. insularis (a) and hexaploid ‘Sanfensan’ (b). The heat maps were plotted by using the A. longiglumis chromosomes as the references, and the number of absent genes was listed for each chromosome. c, Distribution and number of the identified pseudogenes along the hexaploid ‘Sanfensan’ chromosomes. d, The numbers of expanded and contracted gene families in the eight Avena (sub)genomes. e-f, Relationships between gene family sizes in the A-genome diploid A. longiglumis (e), and the C-genome diploid A. eriantha (f) with each subgenome of the hexaploid ‘Sanfensan’. Boxes visualize the median, lower and upper quartiles of gene family sizes. The colored lines show the regression fits for the observed gene family size (yellow, A subgenome; green, D subgenome; blue, C subgenome) and the gray line shows a 1:1 gene copy number relationship for hexaploid oat, A. longiglumis, and A. eriantha. The two-tailed Chi-square test was used to determine significance in a, b, and c (**, P < 0.01).
