Extended Data Fig. 2: Anti-tumor effects of succinate and ketoglutarate analogs rely on CD8⁺ T cells, while inhibiting succinyl-CoA production promotes tumor growth.
From: Alterations in PD-L1 succinylation shape anti-tumor immune responses in melanoma
a, Percentages of Treg (CD25⁺Foxp3⁺/CD4⁺), MDSC (GR-1⁺CD11b⁺/CD45⁺), M1 (F4/80⁺MHCII⁺/CD45⁺), and M2 (F4/80⁺CD206⁺/CD45⁺) cells in tumor masses treated with Ctrl, DES, or DMK (n = 5/group). b, M1 and M2 macrophage percentages in spleens and lymph nodes under these treatments (n = 5/group). c, Flow cytometry analysis of F4/80⁺CD11b⁺ macrophages in tumors, spleens, and lymph nodes following clodronate liposome treatment (n = 5/group). d, Tumor growth curves and final weights in mice treated with PBS or clodronate liposomes, combined with Ctrl, DES, or DMK (n = 5 /group). e, f Tumor growth, tumor weight (e) and overall survival (f) in B16F10-GFP tumor-bearing mice treated with dimethyl malonate (DMM) (n = 5/group). g, Quantification of CD8⁺/CD3+ and GZMB⁺/CD8⁺ T-cell percentages in tumors of mice treated with Ctrl or DMM (n = 5 mice/group). h, i Tumor weights (h), Quantification of CD3⁺/CD45⁺, and CD8⁺/CD3⁺ cell (i) percentages in tumors of mice treated with anti-CD8a mAb in combination with Ctrl, DES, or DMK (n = 5 mice/group). j, Viability of SK-MEL-28 (n = 6) and A375 melanoma cells (n = 4) treated with various DES or DMK concentrations for 24 or 48 hours, measured by CCK-8 assay (OD at 450 nm). For details on visualization, statistics and reproducibility, see Methods. Note: n refers to independent biological replicates in all experiments.
