Fig. 1: Frequency of CH in the MCPS and UKB.

a, Number of individuals for each CH driver gene identified in MCPS. Driver CH genes are ranked from highest to lowest number of individuals. b, Frequency of overall CH by age. The center line represents the fitted values from the general additive model with P-spline smooth class; shaded regions, lower and upper bounds of the 95% CIs of the fitted values. MCPS participants aged 100 years or older were included as a single age group. c, Inter-population comparison of the frequency of overall CH and gene-specific CH in UKB compared to MCPS. Only CH driver genes identified in at least ten individuals are shown. Odds ratios and unadjusted two-sided P values were derived from a logistic regression model with all CH or gene-specific CH as the outcome and study cohort as the predictor, adjusted for age, sex and smoking status. In total, 414,030 UKB and 136,359 MCPS participants for whom smoking status was available were included for analysis. Measures of center represent the odds ratios; error bars, lower and upper bound of the 95% CI of the odds ratios. Solid circles represent significant associations (P < 0.05); hollow circles represent non-significant associations (P ≥ 0.05).