Fig. 3: Disruption of circulating T cell fraction in patients with cancer.

a, Ribbon plots of ImmuneLENS-related fractions in 5-year age brackets, split by the healthy control and cancer cohorts. The width of bands represents the extent of sexual dimorphism between male and female individuals, with significance assessed by two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests within each age group and adjusted P values with effect size (ES) values shown. b, Boxplots of IgM/IgD and Ig class-switched B cell fractions from a subset of the healthy cohort with recorded cancer incidence post-WGS sequencing (from hospital episode statistics), compared to an age- and sex-matched propensity cohort of the same size. c, Boxplots of blood TCRA T cell fraction versus genetically inferred ancestry in the 100KGP healthy and cancer cohorts. d, Boxplots for tumor TCRA T cell fraction versus genetically inferred ancestry in the 100KGP cancer cohort. e, Volcano plots of known GWAS SNP associations with circulating TCRA T cell fraction. Multiple hypothesis adjustments were performed using the Benjamini–Hochberg method. Boxplots in b–d show the median and lower and upper quartiles, with whiskers extending to 1.5× interquartile range. Two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to assess the significance between groups in b–d. The P values in e are derived from PLINK software, which uses a linear regression model and performs a Wald test for each SNP. For the cancer cohort, this was done separately for each histology, and P values were combined using a meta-analysis with a common effects model.