Fig. 6: Phenotypic variations in seed size and shape in Japanese and other world soybeans.
a, Photographs of the seeds of Enrei and Williams 82. b, Cartoon illustrating the definition of seed area size, length and width. These values were quantified with SmartGrain software33, both horizontally and vertically. c, Histograms showing the frequencies of seed area size, length and width in Japanese and other world soybeans. The ratios of length to width or horizontal width to vertical width were calculated to represent seed roundness. Seeds were obtained from 221 soybean lines cultivated in 2021, 2022 and 2023 (n ≥ 536). The positions of soybean lines whose genome references were constructed in this study are shown by dark blue numbers. d, Dot plots showing correlations between seed phenotype parameters. The coefficients of determination described in the plots were calculated by linear regression (n = 520).
