Extended Data Fig. 1: Trial emulation design.

This flowchart depicts the involved steps in closely replicating original randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in observational data. Using FinnGen as our data source, we defined the treatment strategies, translated and applied the RCT’s eligibility criteria, selected confounding variables and incorporated 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score-matching and performed an outcome analysis after specifying primary endpoints and censoring events, finally obtaining hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The steps are further detailed in the Methods. Incl, inclusion; excl, exclusion; t, time.