Table 3 MR analysis of causal effects of traits of interest on PA during leisure time (All-PA–leisure)

Aneurysm (thoracic aortic)

30

−0.005 (0.056)

0.93

0.11 (0.14)

0.43

0.117 (0.068)

0.086

0.11 (0.13)

0.41

Coronary artery disease

21

−0.01 (0.07)

0.85

−0.03 (0.13)

0.85

−0.07 (0.07)

0.31

−0.1 (0.1)

0.51

Aneurysm (abdominal aortic)

23

0.029 (0.051)

0.57

−0.02 (0.13)

0.91

0.042 (0.062)

0.50

0.06 (0.13)

0.67

Heart failure

48

−0.2 (0.1)

0.07

0.8 (0.3)

7 × 10⁻³

0.0 (0.1)

0.99

0.1 (0.2)

0.74

Stroke

22

−0.5 (4.4)

0.90

−8.4 (8.4)

0.33

5.1 (6.0)

0.39

7.6 (11.4)

0.51

COVID-19

52

−0.22 (0.15)

0.14

−0.09 (0.27)

0.73

−0.13 (0.20)

0.49

−0.74 (0.39)

0.07

Asthma

44

−0.3 (0.5)

0.55

−1.6 (1.5)

0.32

−1.1 (0.7)

0.10

−0.8 (1.2)

0.50

COVID-19 (hospitalized)

85

−0.04 (0.05)

0.48

0.01 (0.10)

0.96

−0.02 (0.08)

0.80

0.12 (0.17)

0.48

Height

722

0.208 (0.078)

8.0 × 10⁻³

−0.12 (0.16)

0.44

0.14 (0.10)

0.17

0.36 (0.28)

0.19

Bone mineral density

366

−0.046 (0.063)

0.46

−0.10 (0.13)

0.44

−0.050 (0.091)

0.59

−0.02 (0.23)

0.93

BMI

141

−1.02 (0.17)

3.3 × 10⁻⁹

−0.18 (0.48)

0.73

−0.82 (0.19)

1.7 × 10⁻⁵

−1.63 (0.49)

1.1 × 10⁻³

HDL-C

360

0.77 (0.22)

4.4 × 10⁻⁴

−0.32 (0.33)

0.33

0.18 (0.30)

0.55

−0.03 (0.72)

0.97

Type 1 diabetes

153

−0.004 (0.018)

0.81

−0.003 (0.025)

0.91

−0.018 (0.022)

0.41

0.011 (0.069)

0.87

Triglycerides

297

−0.262 (0.091)

4.1×10⁻³

0.22 (0.13)

0.094

−0.09 (0.13)

0.45

0.13 (0.29)

0.66

Type 2 diabetes

210

−0.156 (0.044)

3.7 × 10⁻⁴

−0.073 (0.066)

0.27

0.09 (0.10)

0.38

0.01 (0.15)

0.94

Parental survival

86

0.67 (0.17)

9.6 × 10⁻⁵

−0.32 (0.39)

0.41

0.64 (0.22)

3.1 × 10⁻³

1.42 (0.52)

7.8 × 10⁻³

Biological age acceleration

76

−0.100 (0.071)

0.16

0.10 (0.16)

0.51

0.042 (0.096)

0.66

−0.06 (0.24)

0.79

Phenotypic age acceleration

116

−0.068 (0.025)

7.0 × 10⁻³

−0.078 (0.070)

0.27

−0.037 (0.030)

0.21

0.029 (0.090)

0.75

Liking of PA

46

1.42 (0.33)

2.2 × 10⁻⁵

−0.8 (1.2)

0.51

1.51 (0.35)

1.5 × 10⁻⁵

1.88 (0.85)

0.031

Income

177

2.12 (0.19)

4 × 10⁻²⁸

0.85 (0.66)

0.20

1.55 (0.22)

4 × 10⁻¹²

1.27 (0.79)

0.11

Well being

276

2.4 (0.4)

4 × 10⁻⁹

6.6 (1.8)

3 × 10⁻⁴

2.0 (0.5)

2 × 10⁻⁵

2.0 (1.7)

0.23

Neuroticism

186

−0.97 (0.19)

2.5 × 10⁻⁷

−1.48 (0.77)

0.06

−0.78 (0.22)

2.8 × 10⁻⁴

−0.86 (0.70)

0.22

Leisure screen time

274

−1.45 (0.11)

1.3 × 10⁻³⁷

−1.35 (0.44)

2.4 × 10⁻³

−1.09 (0.13)

6.6 × 10⁻¹⁷

−0.55 (0.44)

0.21

Educational attainment

544

2.62 (0.12)

4.1 × 10⁻⁹⁹

2.46 (0.41)

5.2 × 10⁻⁹

2.34 (0.16)

1.2 × 10⁻⁴⁵

1.66 (0.70)

0.018

Executive functioning

235

0.93 (0.34)

6.6 × 10⁻³

−0.62 (1.33)

0.64

1.09 (0.42)

9.8 × 10⁻³

2.00 (1.46)

0.17

Alzheimer

50

−0.1 (0.3)

0.79

−0.1 (0.5)

0.80

0.2 (0.4)

0.60

1.0 (0.8)

0.21

Drinks per week

124

−0.1 (0.31)

0.59

−1.0 (0.70)

0.16

−0.86 (0.35)

0.014

0.24 (0.87)

0.78

Cigarettes per day

78

−0.62 (0.10)

9.9 × 10⁻¹⁰

−0.07 (0.17)

0.68

−0.24 (0.13)

0.073

−1.01 (0.39)

0.012

Fruit

12

0.22 (0.88)

0.8

−4.05 (1.73)

0.042

−0.37 (0.95)

0.69

−1.42 (1.72)

0.43

Olive oil

12

0.08 (0.57)

0.89

−1.62 (1.44)

0.29

−0.35 (0.77)

0.65

−0.79 (1.35)

0.57

Vegetables

12

0.72 (1.10)

0.51

−1.16 (3.03)

0.71

1.71 (1.11)

0.12

2.00 (2.02)

0.34

Cheese

10

−1.22 (0.60)

0.042

−0.44 (1.50)

0.78

−1.53 (0.78)

0.050

−1.69 (1.24)

0.20

Inflammatory bowel disease

68

−1.08 (0.52)

0.035

−0.82 (2.79)

0.77

−0.95 (0.61)

0.12

−1.02 (1.20)

0.40

Cancer (lung)

18

−0.006 (0.044)

0.90

−0.06 (0.13)

0.66

0.016 (0.059)

0.79

0.066 (0.099)

0.52

Osteoarthritis

34

−4.5 (2.2)

0.036

−7.7 (5.8)

0.20

−0.5 (2.1)

0.81

3.3 (4.4)

0.46

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

110

−0.94 (0.13)

1.2 × 10⁻¹²

0.10 (0.49)

0.84

−0.73 (0.13)

2.2 × 10⁻⁸

−0.77 (0.43)

0.07