Fig. 2: Single-nucleus-level multiomic profiles of SAT by jointly profiling methylation and chromatin conformation with snm3C-seq, followed by an integrative analysis with transcriptomic profiles, generated using SAT snRNA-seq.

a, Dimension reduction of cells using 5 kb bin mCG (top left), 100 kb bin chromatin conformation (top right) and jointly integrating mCG and chromatin conformation (bottom), profiled by snm3C-seq and visualized with uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). Cells are colored by SAT cell type. b, Sankey diagram showcases the high consistency among the SAT cell-type annotations derived from the 5 kb bin mCG (left), 100 kb bin chromatin conformation (right) and joint profiling of mCG and chromatin conformation (middle), with the exception of the transition cell-type cluster that was annotated as perivascular cells by mCG and adipocytes by chromatin conformation. c–f, Integrative analysis with snRNA-seq, evaluating the concordance of cell-type cluster annotations and cell-type marker genes across modalities. c, Comparison of gene body mCG and gene expression profiles of cell-type marker genes across the matching SAT cell types, independently identified within the respective modalities, excluding the expression profiles of the transition cell-type cluster that was not identified in the SAT snRNA-seq data. Dashed lines stratify the marker genes by cell type. Dot colors represent the average gene body mCG ratio normalized per cell (left), and the average log-transformed counts per million normalized gene expression (right). d, Co-embedding of cells profiled by snm3C-seq and snRNA-seq. Cells are colored by annotations as in c (top) and modalities (bottom). e, Concordance matrix comparing the snm3C-seq and snRNA-seq derived annotations, colored by the overlapping scores between the pairs of the SAT cell types evaluated in the co-embedding space. f, UMAP visualization of the gene body mCG ratio (left) and gene expression (right) for one adipocyte marker gene, GPAM, colored per cell similarly as in c. The dashed line highlights the group of cells annotated as adipocytes.