Fig. 6: Spatial decomposition of FB and MC heterogeneity in the developing heart.
From: Spatiotemporal gene expression and cellular dynamics of the developing human heart
a, UMAPs displaying eight coarse-grained and 18 fine-grained FB and MC clusters, representing WT1-enriched and CD34-enriched, adventitial, valve-related and proliferating subsets, along with additional CALN1-enriched (CALN1high_FB) and refined pericyte-like (Peric_MCfg) and PDE4C-enriched populations (PDE4Chigh_FBfg). b, Spatial mapping of Adv_FB_1 (red) and Adv_FB_2 (green) cells to the great arteries (ROI A) and coronary arteries (ROI B), respectively (upper), and Peric_MCfg cells (red) and pericytes (PC) (green) to complementary positions in the atrial and ventricular myocardium (lower) in a 10 PCW heart section. c, Spatial mapping of epicardial cells (EpC) (red), EPDC_1 (green) and EPDC_2 (blue) cells to the heart surface, subendocardium and atrioventricular groove (dashed line) in a 10 PCW heart section. d, Spatial mapping of Int_FB_1 (red), Int_FB_2 (green) and Int_FB_3 (blue) cells, illustrating their gradual spatial expansion and layer-specific positions in 6, 8, 10 and 12 PCW heart sections. e, Spatial mapping of MC and FB states enriched in the atrioventricular plane (dashed line) and cardiac valves. VICs (red), Valve_MC_2 (green) and Valve_MC_1 (blue) cells (upper), and EPDC_1 cells (red), AnnFibr_FBs (green) and FAPs (blue) (lower) are presented in a 12 PCW heart section. f, Dot plot displaying the top ten DEGs (log2FC > 0, P < 0.05) between the VIC, Valve_MC_1 and Valve_MC_2 clusters. g, ISS detection of PENK and LEF1 in cardiac valves in 6.5 PCW and 9 PCW heart sections. h, Spatial model of FB and MC state arrangements in the fetal heart’s fibrous skeleton and cardiac valves. EPDC_1, FAP and AnnFibr_FBs cells are enriched in the subepicardium of the atrioventricular groove, while Valve_MC_2 cells dominate the inner annulus fibrosus. Valve roots, linking to this rim, harbor Valve_MC_2 in atrioventricular and Valve_MC_1–2 cells in semilunar valves. ca, coronary artery; avg, atrioventricular groove; af, annulus fibrosus; mv, mitral valve; tv, tricuspid valve.
