Fig. 4: Causal relationships between eoMDD, loMDD and health outcomes. | Nature Genetics

Fig. 4: Causal relationships between eoMDD, loMDD and health outcomes.

From: Genome-wide association analyses identify distinct genetic architectures for early-onset and late-onset depression

Fig. 4: Causal relationships between eoMDD, loMDD and health outcomes.

a, Results of the MR analyses with MDD as the exposure, with the IVW statistic as the MR effect size estimate (ordered according to the eoMDD effect size). The error bars represent the 95% CIs. b, Effects with MDD as the outcome (ordered according to the effect size in a). Included in both a and b are the number of instrument SNPs used in the analysis (‘SNPs’), the percentage variance explained by the instrument SNPs in the exposure (‘% R2’) and the instrument strength (‘F’). We only tested plausible relationships (in line with time ordering), with improbable relationships, for example, suicide death as a risk factor for MDD, excluded from the figure. If the MR-Egger sensitivity analysis had a significant intercept (triangles), this indicates that the MR estimate was pleiotropic and should not be interpreted. Estimates with an asterisk were significant after correction for multiple testing (exact P values are reported in Supplementary Table 10). The error bars represent the 95% CIs.

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