Fig. 1: Myd88 and TLRs are associated with the severity of COVID-19.
From: TLR2 senses the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein to produce inflammatory cytokines
a–j, Absolute RNA counts of MYD88 (a), TRIF (b), TLR1 (c), TLR2 (d), TLR3 (e), TLR4 (f), TLR5 (g), TLR7 (h), TLR8 (i) and TLR9 (j) in patients with mild-to-moderate (n = 11), severe (n = 10) and critical (n = 11) COVID-19, and 13 healthy controls16. k, Immunoblot analysis of phospho-ERK (pERK), total ERK (tERK), pIκB and tIκB in WT, Myd88–/– and Trif–/– BMDMs after infection with MHV at an MOI of 0.1 for the indicated time. Actin was used as the internal control. l, RT–PCR analysis of Tnf expression in WT, Myd88–/– and Trif–/– BMDMs after infection with MHV at an MOI of 0.1 for the indicated time, presented relative to levels of the host gene Gapdh. Significant differences compared with the healthy group are denoted as: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001; NS, not significant (one-way ANOVA). Exact P values are presented in Supplementary Table 1. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. (a–j and l). Data represent three independent experiments (k and l).
