Extended Data Fig. 4: Age- and inflammation-related molecular changes in tonsillar stromal cells.

a, Bar plots show the relative abundance of indicated stromal cell types among CD45^– CD235a^– cells of individual patients according to different conditions and based on scRNA-seq data. Mean and SEM are indicated. P values as per Kruskal-Wallis test. ScRNA-seq data represents a total of 86,966 CD45^– CD235a^– stromal cells containing 20,158 cells from n = 3 pediatric patients with OSA, 21,596 cells from n = 5 adult patients with OSA and 45,212 cells from n = 4 adult patients with tonsillitis. b, UMAP showing 126,320 CD45^– CD235a^– stromal cells from 12 patients acquired at KSSG (Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland) and 3 patients independently acquired at UPENN (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA) (see Extended Data Table 1) integrated over their origin. BECs, LECs, EpCs, ACTA2⁺ cells and PI16⁺ RCs as a fraction of FRCs are indicated. c, UMAP visualization of tonsillar stromal cells split by sample origin. d, Bar plot showing the relative abundance of PI16⁺ RCs among CD45^– CD235a^– cells per condition and based on scRNAseq data. Data represents n = 5 (Pediatric,OSA), n = 6 (Adult,OSA) and n = 4 (Adult,Tonsillitis) individual patients. Mean and SEM are indicated. P values as per two-sided Wilcoxon test. e, Heatmap showing the average expression of marker genes used for characterization of FRC subsets. f, Featureplots visualizing the expression pattern of indicated cytokines and chemokines across FRCs. g, UMAP depicting re-embedded FRCs colored according to the indicated patient groups. h, Significantly enriched terms according to GO enrichment analysis based on differentially expressed genes for the indicated FRC subsets. e-h, ScRNA-seq data represents 28,571 FRCs containing 4,867 cells from n = 3 pediatric patients with OSA, 6,184 cells from n = 5 adult patients with OSA and 17,520 cells from n = 4 adult patients with tonsillitis.