Fig. 4: Age- and inflammation-related molecular changes in tonsillar FRCs.

a–c, UMAPs display scRNA-seq data of tonsillar CD45−CD235a− stromal cells separated and colored according to different conditions. FRCs showing strong transcriptional changes are highlighted by arrows. d, Bar plot shows the relative abundance of FRCs among CD45−CD235a− stromal cells according to different conditions as revealed by scRNA-seq. w/o, without. e, UMAP visualization of re-embedded FRC subsets. FDC, follicular dendritic cells. f, Feature UMAPs show expression pattern of cluster marker genes used for characterization of the indicated FRC subsets. g, Chord diagram shows the proportion of cells derived from different conditions for each FRC subset. h, Diffusion map dimensionality reduction of FRC subsets. i, Top significantly enriched GO terms in PI16+ RCs according to enrichment analysis based on subset marker genes. Expression pattern of genes assigned to the indicated cellular processes is projected onto diffusion maps. BMP, bone morphogenic protein. scRNA-seq data represent a total of 86,966 CD45−CD235a− stromal cells and 28,571 FRCs containing 20,158 cells (4,867 FRCs) from n = 3 pediatric patients with OSA, 21,596 cells (6,184 FRCs) from n = 5 adult patients with OSA and 45,212 cells (17,520 FRCs) from n = 4 adult patients with tonsillitis.