Fig. 2: Plasmablast response elicited after vaccination at day 10 in PBMCs.

a, Heat map of differentially expressed genes between day 10 and baseline assessed using normalized gene expression values. b, Box plot of plasmablast activity scores at baseline and days 1, 10 and 60 in response to PCV13 (n = 14) and PPSV23 (n = 16), calculated using a published gene set (M4.11) and scaled with reference to baseline. c, Box plots showing normalized expression of genes encoding the constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain structure in response to PCV13 (n = 14) and PPSV23 (n = 16). d, Heat map showing differential expression of genes encoding the constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain structure at day 10 in response to PCV13 (n = 14) and PPSV23 (n = 16) and at day 7 in response to Fluzone (GSE45735 (influenza vaccine); n = 5). Genes with a >1.5-fold difference and FDR-corrected P value of <0.05 are marked with an asterisk (*). A Wilcoxon rank-sum test (two sided) was used to compare plasma cell activity scores between baseline and days 1, 10 and 60 (b). Box plots display the median and IQR (25–75%), with whiskers representing the upper and lower quartiles ±1.5× IQR. A Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test (two sided) was used to compare the expression of immunoglobulin genes at baseline and day 10 for PCV13 and PPSV23. FDR-corrected P values are shown in c; n represents the number of biological replicates.