Fig. 4: Proteomic differences between LC and CC groups in the 2020–2021 cohort.
From: Long COVID involves activation of proinflammatory and immune exhaustion pathways
a, Dot plots representing pathway NES scores (GSEA, nominal P < 0.05) in LC (n = 22) versus CC (n = 8) at day 90–180 after infection. Upregulated pathways are shown in red gradient and downregulated pathways are shown in blue gradient. Color gradients reflect a GSEA P < 0.0.5. b, Correlation of JAK-STAT signaling and selected pathways from a. Each point represents the per-patient single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) enrichment score for the two indicated pathways. The lines show the ordinary least-squares fit with shaded 95% CIs. The Spearman correlation linear model R2 and two-sided P values are annotated. The red and blue fits indicate positive and negative slopes. c, Pathway Spearman correlation matrix between pathways upregulated or downregulated in the LC group compared with the CC group at 90–180 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The circle color encodes the sign of the Spearman correlation coefficient ρ (red, positive; blue, negative) and circle size encodes |ρ | ; nonsignificant correlations (P > 0.05) are shown as empty squares.
