Extended Data Fig. 3: PACE-tomo tilt series collected using a cryo side-entry holder.

a. An overview image of a holey carbon sample area indicating the positions at which tilt series were collected. Targets are numbered according to acquisition order. Red frame indicates the position of the tracking tilt series. The tilt axis is along Y = 0. Collection time was 118 minutes for 25 tilt series with an angular range of ± 30°. b, c. Measured specimen shift errors by cross correlation-based alignment to first tilt image at 0° in each tilt series in x- (b) and y-direction (c), parallel and perpendicular to the tilt axis, respectively. Tilt series 1 is the tracking tilt series and points are coloured grey. d. Defocus values for each tilt series estimated by CTF fitting. e. Defocus values for each tilt series estimated by CTF fitting of the 0° tilt image plotted against the target coordinates in X and Y. The 3D plot shows that targets are approximately on a plane indicating significant tilt of the sample support film.