Extended Data Fig. 1: Co-expression of HispS homologues with wild-type nnLuz and wild-type nnH3H in plant, yeast, and mammalian hosts.

a. Transient expression in BY-2 plant cell packs (N = 12–16 cell packs per box plot). b. Transient expression in N. benthamiana leaves (N = 10–33 leaves per box plot). c, d. Expression from genome-integrated copy in yeast P. pastoris, luminescence assayed after adding 100 µM (c) and 100 mM (d) caffeic acid, integral signal for 1 hour (N = 6–27 and 3–27 biologically independent samples per box plot in c and d, respectively). e. Transient expression in human cell culture HEK293NT, luminescence assayed after adding 100 µM caffeic acid, integral signal for 23 mins (N = 2–5 biologically independent samples per box plot). The boxes are the first and the third quartiles, whiskers are the rest of the distribution except outliers, the orange line is the median. The colour of data points in case of c. and d. indicates different yeast strains (1–9 strains per box plot). The difference between mean values of nnHispS and mcitHispS and p-values of pairwise post-hoc two-sided Mann-Whitney U-tests (if applicable) corrected by the step-down method using Sidak adjustments are indicated below the brackets between the box plots. Kruskal-Wallis H Test: H-statistic = 155.79, p = 9.7e-28 (a), H-statistic = 158.86, p = 2.3e-28 (b), H-statistic = 182.56, p = 3.0e-33 (c), H-statistic = 24.79, p = 8.3e-04 (d), H-statistic = 155.79, p = 9.7e-28 (e). In these experiments, each gene was delivered on a separate plasmid. Plasmids used in these experiments are listed in Supplementary Table 1.