Extended Data Fig. 3: Relative weights and torque arms of comparable headstages.

Comparisons are between headstages on the same low-profile 16 tetrode drive implant1. a, Current Intan-based headstage or comparable system. Omnetics connectors, vertical headstage layout, and tether all contribute to height and long moment arm, so that sideways forces on the tether exert strong rotational forces on the animal’s head. b, Best-possible low-profile headstage with current digital tethers, assuming a single, flat PCB design equivalent to the ONIX headstages described here. The digital tether still leads to a significant moment arm. c, In addition to a low-profile headstage, the ONIX micro-coax further lowers the torque arm, and also practically eliminates torque loads by virtue of an extremely light and flexible tether.