Supplementary Figure 10: Validation of key results in human cortex using the group-averaged (N = 69) Conte69 T1w/T2w map. | Nature Neuroscience

Supplementary Figure 10: Validation of key results in human cortex using the group-averaged (N = 69) Conte69 T1w/T2w map.

From: Hierarchy of transcriptomic specialization across human cortex captured by structural neuroimaging topography

Supplementary Figure 10

(a) The parcellated T1w/T2w map. (b) Human T1w/T2w map values are significantly lower in functionally defined association networks than in sensory networks (P < 10−5; two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test on N=6608 paired differences). Box plots mark the median and inner quartile ranges for areas in each network, and whiskers indicate the 95% confidence interval. (c) The average expression map of 5 genes preferentially expressed in human granular layer 4 (L4) is positively correlated with the T1w/T2w map (rs = 0.73; P < 10−5; Spearman rank correlation). (d) Average expression maps of laminar-specific genes show significant T1w/T2w map correlations (TMCs). L1-3: supragranular layers 1-3 (rs = −0.49; P < 10−5); L5/6: infragranular layers 5 and 6 (rs = −0.44; P < 10−5) (e) Genes coding for calretinin (CALB2; rs = −0.55; P < 10−5) and parvalbumin (PVALB; rs = 0.78; P < 10−5) exhibit homologous hierarchical gradients in human cortex. (f) TMCs of genes coding for markers of specific inhibitory interneuron cell types. (g) The gene coding for the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B (GRIN2B) exhibits a negative TMC (rs = −0.69; P < 10−5). (h, i) TMCs of genes coding for distinct subunits of NMDA & GABAA receptors. (j) PC1 for the brain-specific gene set is highly correlated with the T1w/T2w map (rs = 0.88; P < 10−5). (k) Across all five gene sets, PC1 exhibits a highly similar areal topography to the T1w/T2w map (TMC range: 0.86–0.88; P < 10−5 for each). (l) Gene expression variance captured by the T1w/T2w map (\(_{{\mathrm{T}}1{\mathrm{w}}/{\mathrm{T}}2{\mathrm{w}}}^2\)) relative to PC1 (\(_{{\mathrm{PC}}1}^2\)). Statistical significance in panels d, f, h, and i is calculated with a spatial autoregressive model to account for spatial autocorrelation, and in panels k and l, through permutation testing with surrogate maps that preserve spatial autocorrelation structure, Bonferroni-corrected by the number of genes in each set (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 10−2; ***, P < 10−3). Grey lines in panels d, f, h, and i mark the jackknife estimate of standard error, and in panels k and l, the bootstrap estimated 95% confidence interval. Expression in panels c, e, and g is plotted in units of standard deviations (s.d.; σ) from the mean.

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